In Artificial Intelligence, the inability to fully comprehend the inner workings of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) or deep learning systems is called the ‘Black Box Problem.’ Being impenetrable and opaque, the AI Black Box does not explain how exactly artificial neurons transmit signals to transform
495 views
The Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)-led Hindu nationalist government in India has recently taken another step towards the suppression of Muslims in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu & Kashmir (IIOJK). The Indian government has revived the Village Defence Guards – hereinafter referred to as VDGs.” views
With increased digitalisation, countries have integrated technology in various sectors and adopted data-driven solutions to improve living standards, increase productivity, and promote economic development.
431 views
With inflation hitting record-high levels, millions of low- and middle-income Pakistanis are reeling from a cost-of-living crisis. Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine in late February last year and the subsequent global commodity price hikes, costs of
414 views
The madrassah sector in Pakistan constitutes a large segment of students seeking religious education. These madrassahs are often regarded as pursuing specific political and ideological agendas. Religious seminaries, especially unregistered and unregulated, usually enroll students from low-income, rural
2043 views
Traveling is undoubtedly one of the most enriching experiences for people worldwide, as beautifully captured in a widely used adage, ‘Of all the books in the world, the best stories are found between the pages of a passport.’
445 views
Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) involves a broad range of non-combative measures taken by governments and Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) focused on curbing the various multifaceted drivers and causes of violent extremism. Over the years, the concept of CVE has gained significant traction in the global realm.
661 views
Today, millions of Pakistanis find themselves struggling to make ends meet as Pakistan grapples with a challenging economic landscape. Against this backdrop, the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) recent report on Pakistan, while acknowledging the
433 views
Sovereign wealth funds (SWF) are one of the most potent financial forces of the modern era, and having carefully studied SWFs through the prism of public value, I have come to see considerable merits in creating such institutions, but only in specific contexts.
348 views
One of the most famous examples illustrating the lawmakers struggling to understand technology dates back to 2006 when during a US Congressional hearing, Senator Ted Stevens called the internet a ‘series of tubes’.
594 views
All views and opinions expressed or implied are those of the authors/speakers/internal and external scholars and should not be construed as carrying the official sanction of CASS.