The May 2025 Pakistan–India hostilities once again underscored the centrality of the Kashmir dispute to South Asia’s security and political landscape. The escalation highlighted that
The May 2025 crisis between India and Pakistan marks an important chapter in the South Asian context, reinforcing the enduring volatility of one of the world’s most militarised rivalries. The conflict has redefined the regional dynamics and the bilateral relationship between the two states. Although the confrontation was brief, its intensity and strategic signalling underscored the persistent risk of escalation between two nuclear-armed neighbours. The events of May 2025 have contributed
In recent years, outer space has emerged as a critical domain shaping national power, economic competitiveness, and technological sovereignty. Advances in satellite technology, space-based services, and space exploration missions are no longer confined to a handful of major powers
In an era where digital platforms increasingly shape opinions, behaviour, and decision-making, understanding the psychological dimensions of cyberspace has become critically important.
For decades, Iran and Israel had been engaged in a shadow conflict. Israel pursued a strategy of “active disruption,” targeting alleged Iranian assets in Syria
The year 2025 has redrawn the geopolitical map in many ways. The year witnessed a series of conflicts — including the recent India–Pakistan war, the Israel–Iran confrontation, and renewed instability along the Pakistan–Afghanistan border.
1. Outer space has transformed into a critical arena of astropolitics, where major powers are leveraging space technologies to shape global influence, gain strategic advantages, and contest dominance beyond Earth.
1. Air and aerospace power today extends far beyond aircraft and missiles. The decisive advantage lies in ‘doctrine, employment strategy, training and clarity of leadership’, reinforced by new domains of ‘space, cyber, electronic warfare (EW), and artificial intelligence’ (AI).
1. Financial inclusion, which entails the use and access of affordable financial services by the masses, is a necessary component of economic security and national stability.
Pakistan and India, since their independence in 1947, have remained entangled in a complex relationship defined by historical grievances, unresolved disputes, and missed opportunities for peace.
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