The Shadow of Surprise: Future Indo-Pak Air Conflict through the Lens of Marka-e-Haq
Air Marshal Javaid Ahmed
August 8, 2025
As a guarantor of advantage, the element of surprise is an inherent component of aerial warfare at the strategic,
National Security
RESEARCH / PUBLICATIONS
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Beyond Machines: How Strategy and Training Trumped Technology in the PAF–IAF Standoff
Air Commodore Raza Haider (Retd)
August 8, 2025
The idea that technological superiority ensures aerial supremacy is a persistent myth in contemporary air combat.
Airpower a Credible Tool of Military Diplomacy: How PAF Doctrine Forced Realpolitik to the Ceasefire Table
Air Marshal Javaid Ahmed
August 1, 2025
Since its inception, air power has been the vanguard of military diplomacy by virtue of its speed, reach, flexibility, and precision
The Digital Fog of War: Lessons from the Israel-Iran Conflict
Sajal Shahid
July 22, 2025
On 18 June, a volley of Israeli missiles burst over Iran’s skies, plunging the nation in digital darkness – cutting
Silicon Sabres: How China’s Tech Ecosystem is Challenging US Dominance
Ahmad Ali
July 22, 2025
Warfare is no longer defined by traditional firepower, but by information in the form of satellites, fibre optics,
IAEA’s Credibility Crisis in the Context of Israel-Iran Conflict
Saba Abbasi
July 21, 2025
The 12-day Israel-Iran conflict was believed by many to be the beginning of World War III. Israel’s killing of the top military
