The question of fiscal sustainability has long haunted the Federal Budget of Pakistan. As deficits have widened over consecutive years, reform efforts have been piecemeal and trivial at best, and counterproductive at worst. What Pakistan’s budgetary architecture requires, however, is a systematic overhaul. By contrast,
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Fifth August 2024 marks half a decade since India annexed the Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK) and denied the disputed territory’s right to statehood through a rushed presidential decree. Months after winning the second term in the Lok Sabha polls 2019, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government revoked
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In the aftermath of the Cold War, a wave of democratisation, coined by American political scientist Samuel Huntington as the ‘Third Wave’ swept across the world. The wave refers to the transition of several non-democratic setups to democratic ones, promising a future where democratic ideals would grow.
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Complete integration of Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK) with the Indian Union has always been one of the top priorities in the Hindutva agenda of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). Following the landslide victory of the BJP in the 2019 Indian
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In the modern digital age, cyberspace has become an integral part of daily life. However, as cyberspace transcends physical borders, it poses unique challenges to traditional legal frameworks. Understanding cyberspace as a ‘global common’ and the applicability of international law within this realm is crucial for ensuring security, stability, and cooperation in the digital domain. To address these critical issues,
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The ebbs and flows of business cycles provide ample evidence that a stock market, by itself, is not representative of an economy as a whole. Even in recent memory, one may think of how governments around the world poured in unprecedented amounts of stimulus during COVID-19, much of which poured
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The imagination of military aviation enthusiasts has remained captivated by the idea of self-flying fighter aircraft for decades. Hollywood tried to cash in on this back in 2005 with the release of Stealth which depicted an AI-controlled Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) slated to replace human pilots in the future.
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Unmanned systems, driven by rapid technological advancements, have become pivotal not only in the military domain but in civilian arenas also because of their dual nature. So far, most of the available literature looks at the military utility of unmanned systems only. However, this article sheds light on the usefulness of
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The aviation industry has embraced widespread digitalisation over the past decade to improve passenger experience and operational efficiency. However, according to the UN’s International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), this advancement has exposed the industry to increasing cyber-attacks. Notably, a major cyber-attack against a global IT supplier in February 2021 underscored
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Daniel McDowell’s book Bucking the Buck: US Financial Sanctions and the International Backlash against the Dollar is a notable addition to the literature on the de-dollarisation trend and its underlying motives. In it, McDowell critically analyses the influence of the overuse of economic sanctions by the United States (US)
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