RESEARCH / PUBLICATIONS

East or West? Who Will Rule the 5th Industrial Revolution?  

The world economy saw a ‘great divergence’ as a result of the first two Industrial Revolutions (IR-1 and IR-2) between 1750 and 1950 AD. The economic shift occurred from East to West as a result of industrial development by Western European nations led by Great Britain. The key to their success was the use of then-new technologies like steam power, mechanisation, automobiles, railways, telegraphs or electricity at every level of industrialisation

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Potential of Pakistan’s IT Industry: A SWOT Analysis

In recent years, Pakistan’s IT industry has shown significant potential for growth while confronting various challenges. This Working Paper presentsa comprehensive SWOT analysis to assess the industry’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats in detail. It identifies a young demographic base; large freelancing sector; and financial attractiveness for offshore outsourcing of IT services as the major strengths of Pakistan’s IT industry.

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بلاکچین: پاکستان کے جمہوری نظام کی جدت، شفافیت، اور سہولت کا مستقبل

جمہوریت کی بنیادوں پر استوار قومیں اپنے مضبوط جمہوری روایت کے ذریعے امن، خوشحالی، اور عدل کی بہترین مثال بنتی ہیں۔ ووٹ کا حق اس جمہوریت کا جوہر ہے، جو عوام کی آواز کو اقتدار تک پہنچاتا ہے اور ایک زندہ جمہوریت کی پہچان ہوتا ہے۔ پاکستان میں انتخابی نظام مہنگا، غیر موثر، اور پرانی ٹیکنالوجی پر مبنی ہے، جو ووٹ کی رازداری اور شفافیت کو برقرار رکھنے میں مشکلات پیدا کرتا ہے۔ اس کے برعکس، بلاکچین ٹیکنالوجی پر مبنی ووٹنگ سسٹم شفافیت، تحفظ، اور کارکردگی کو بہتر بنا سکتا ہے۔ بلاکچین کی مضبوطی ڈیٹا میں تبدیلی یا مداخلت سے تحفظ فراہم کرتی ہے، جو اسے ووٹنگ کے لیے ایک مثالی ٹیکنالوجی بناتی ہے۔ اس سسٹم کی تعمیر اور دیکھ بھال آسان

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Pakistan’s Unrealised Remittance Potential

The tide of outward migration from Pakistan surged considerably over the past two years (2022 and 2023), with several millions opting to emigrate with the aim of securing better prospects overseas. For instance, the number of skilled, highly skilled, and highly qualified worker migrants from Pakistan alone increased to 0.77 million, compared to 0.26 million in 2020 and 2021 and 0.48 million during 2018 and 2019, the two years before the pandemic.
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3 Skills for the Future

The youth of today exhibit a constant worry about the future of the labor market and the digital workforce that they will be entering, and with good reason, for we are witnessing stark changes brought about by AI, robotics, and other technologies advancing at breakneck speed. The economy of the future is one that leaves bewildering permutations open, and so as an economist, I am asked by the youth about what skills they should invest in to “future-proof” themselves and be ready for the decades ahead.
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