Psychological warfare (PSYWAR) has always been an integral part of armed conflicts. However, with advancements in the emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), the scale, scope and precision of PSYWAR have significantly grown. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are one of the key domains where the integration of AI has heralded noticeable shifts. This research paper analyses multiple dimensions of AI-enabled PSYWAR against Pakistan. To present contemporary and latest debates on the subject, this study does not examine the history of PSYWAR but rather discusses the AI-driven propaganda that Pakistan has been facing in recent times. Furthermore, the paper also discusses the response matrix of the Pakistani government to address this challenge. In addition, the study evaluates the adequacy of the responses, identifies related concerns, and examines the potential areas for improvement in the response mechanisms. Lastly, the paper concludes by offering recommendations for dealing with AI-enabled PSYWAR.
Share this article
Emerging Geopolitical Alliances and Implications for Pakistan
The year 2025 has dramatically reshaped global and regional geopolitics through a series of crises: the India–Pakistan war, the Israel–Iran confrontation, and renewed instability on the Pakistan–Afghanistan border.
Pakistan in 2025
As 2025 draws to a close in few days, it is time to reflect back on the chain of events that have shaped the year. Apart from the typical highs and lows – the year saw some unprecedented events that will have a lasting imprint.
Cognitive Dominance in Air Power Employment: From Machines to Minds
In contemporary air warfare, there is a silent battle that begins long before the first missile is fired: the battle of the mind. The Indo-Pakistan conflict of 2025 reaffirmed this truth. In that short but decisive engagement, Pakistan Air Force (PAF) demonstrated that in modern warfare, victory is no longer about airframes destroyed but in the mastery of cognition, which is the ability to think faster, act smarter and control perception under stress. To make victory second nature, institutionalisation of cognitive gains through AI, cross-domain integration and leadership development is paramount for modern air forces.
