AI and PSYWAR – A Case Study of Pakistan

Psychological warfare (PSYWAR) has always been an integral part of armed conflicts. However, with advancements in the emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), the scale, scope and precision of PSYWAR have significantly grown. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are one of the key domains where the integration of AI has heralded noticeable shifts. This research paper analyses multiple dimensions of AI-enabled PSYWAR against Pakistan. To present contemporary and latest debates on the subject, this study does not examine the history of PSYWAR but rather discusses the AI-driven propaganda that Pakistan has been facing in recent times. Furthermore, the paper also discusses the response matrix of the Pakistani government to address this challenge. In addition, the study evaluates the adequacy of the responses, identifies related concerns, and examines the potential areas for improvement in the response mechanisms. Lastly, the paper concludes by offering recommendations for dealing with AI-enabled PSYWAR.