Central Bank Independence: Reformation or Deformation

Recent global developments—including geopolitical tensions, energy crises, and shifting power dynamics—have intensified discussions around nuclear capability. After the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the US-Israel-Iran war, nations are increasingly evaluating nuclear technology not only as a strategic defense mechanism but also as a reliable and large-scale energy source. These developments have brought nuclear capability back to the forefront of international debate.
The dual-use nature of nuclear capability—serving both military and civilian purposes—makes it a critical area of analysis. The ongoing war on Iran has introduced significant uncertainty into the future of Iran’s nuclear trajectory, particularly regarding

The ongoing war between the United States-Israel, and Iran has emerged as a defining crisis of the modern world, with significant implications for regional security, global energy markets, and the evolving geopolitical order. While the primary confrontation involves direct and indirect exchanges between these actors, Gulf and Arab states have become increasingly central to the conflict’s dynamics.
Hosting U.S. military assets and located in close proximity to key theatres of escalation, these states face growing security risks, including spillover