
CATALYST CONVERSATION FROM COVERT RIVALRY TO OPEN WAR : IRAN-ISRAEL WAR AND AFTERMATH
For decades, Iran and Israel had been engaged in a shadow conflict. Israel pursued a strategy of “active disruption,” targeting alleged Iranian assets in Syria


For decades, Iran and Israel had been engaged in a shadow conflict. Israel pursued a strategy of “active disruption,” targeting alleged Iranian assets in Syria

The year 2025 has redrawn the geopolitical map in many ways. The year witnessed a series of conflicts — including the recent India–Pakistan war, the Israel–Iran confrontation, and renewed instability along the Pakistan–Afghanistan border.

1. Outer space has transformed into a critical arena of astropolitics, where major powers are leveraging space technologies to shape global influence, gain strategic advantages, and contest dominance beyond Earth.

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