Cyber Security Risk Governance: Threat Vectors and Solutions for Pakistan

Swift progress in technology has accelerated digitalisation globally, with Pakistan following suit. However, with these advancements come escalating cyber risks. This Working Paper critically examines Pakistan’s cyber security landscape, focusing on prevalent threat vectors such as phishing, hacking, ransomware, and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Through an analysis of the country’s existing cyber security framework, the study identifies key strengths and areas of vulnerability. By leveraging secondary data, the research underscores the urgent need for improved Cyber Security Risk Governance and addresses the obstacles hindering effective cyber security practices. The paper concludes that to strengthen its cyber security posture, Pakistan must address both structural and contextual challenges to ensure that reforms are impactful and sustainable.