As a new generation of graduates enters the workforce, it is unfortunate that they are beginning to find it increasingly difficult to gain a measure of access and exposure to the professional world. The International Labor Organization (ILO) has touted good internships as an important vehicle for connecting young talent to the labor market, but finds that there are serious deficiencies in internship management around the world. In fact, one can view the problem as one of diminution in the internship model more broadly, and it is not specific to Pakistan but rather speaks to a larger international problem that finds echoes in every capitalist society. CASS sees the internship system around the world as having devolved into two types: exploitation and anomie.

Share this article

Emerging Geopolitical Alliances and Implications for Pakistan
The year 2025 has dramatically reshaped global and regional geopolitics through a series of crises: the India–Pakistan war, the Israel–Iran confrontation, and renewed instability on the Pakistan–Afghanistan border.
Pakistan in 2025
As 2025 draws to a close in few days, it is time to reflect back on the chain of events that have shaped the year. Apart from the typical highs and lows – the year saw some unprecedented events that will have a lasting imprint.
Cognitive Dominance in Air Power Employment: From Machines to Minds
In contemporary air warfare, there is a silent battle that begins long before the first missile is fired: the battle of the mind. The Indo-Pakistan conflict of 2025 reaffirmed this truth. In that short but decisive engagement, Pakistan Air Force (PAF) demonstrated that in modern warfare, victory is no longer about airframes destroyed but in the mastery of cognition, which is the ability to think faster, act smarter and control perception under stress. To make victory second nature, institutionalisation of cognitive gains through AI, cross-domain integration and leadership development is paramount for modern air forces.

