Great Power Competition in Air Defense Exports
Air defence systems (ADS) constitute a central function in modern conflicts. However, the increasing pace of their export has extended the role of the systems beyond the battle space.
Senior Research Associate
Shaza Arif serves as a Senior Research Associate at the Centre for Aerospace & Security Studies (CASS) in Islamabad. Shaza Arif serves as a Senior Research Associate at the Centre for Aerospace & Security Studies (CASS) in Islamabad. Ms Arif’s expertise spans National Security & Strategy, Defence Modernisation, Nuclear Security, and Artificial Intelligence. She has made her mark by participating in various international conferences and workshops, including those at Stockholm International Peace Research Institute in Sweden, Durban University of Technology in South Africa, Tsinghua University in China, and the Royal Scientific Society in Jordan. Furthermore, she has collaborated with the British American Security Information Council (BASIC) on the Nuclear Responsibilities Project and various Policy Cycles. She currently serves as a Board Member for BASIC’s Emerging Voices Network (EVN). Her insights are frequently featured in both domestic and international newspapers and journals, underlining her contributions to her fields of study. She has completed MPhil in Public Management from Fatima Jinnah Women University, Pakistan, after having graduated with distinction in BSc (Hons) Defence and Diplomatic Studies from the same university.
Air defence systems (ADS) constitute a central function in modern conflicts. However, the increasing pace of their export has extended the role of the systems beyond the battle space.
Overtime, navigational requirements have been met via different modes comprising inertial navigation (INS), radio navigation and dead reckoning (DR).
The recent Iran-Israel conflict has not only escalated regional tensions but also disrupted global aviation dynamics.

Air defence has always been a critical aspect of airpower. Modern technologies have led to multi-pronged challenges for air defence
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Amongst contemporary systems, the Russia’s S-400 has been perceived as one of the most advanced Air Defence Systems (ADS).
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Download PDF Keywords: #OperationBunyanUnMarsoos #Ceasefire #IAF #PAF #AirPower #Rafale #SouthAsiaSecurity #MilitaryStrategy #CASSInsights #DefenseAnalysis #AirCombat #IndoPakTensions #MultidomainOps Source: Shaza Arif, Senior Research Associate, Centre for Aerospace &
All views and opinions expressed or implied are those of the authors/speakers/internal and external scholars and should not be construed as carrying the official sanction of CASS.
