Hybrid warfare as a term entered the modern strategic lexicon in early 2000, despite having been practiced in various forms for a long time. Commonly defined as a blend of both kinetic and non-kinetic options to offset conventional
power dynamics, hybrid warfare includes extensive use of tools like disinformation, propaganda, economic coercion, backing of proxy militia and cyber-attacks etc. by an adversary state to achieve its strategic interests. Although an old concept in military strategy, the growing costs of men and material in traditional warfare and the related jurisdictional concerns encourage states to opt for this peculiar mode of warfare.
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Pakistan of 2047
CASS August 30, 2024
Predicting Pakistan’s future is a daunting task considering its external and internal challenges such as a precarious socio-political landscape, economic woes, law and order shortcomings, and dynamic regional
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Aligning Macroeconomic Stability with Economic Growth Priorities
Zahra Niazi August 28, 2024
The outgoing Fiscal Year (FY) 2023-24 was a transitional period for Pakistan’s economy. According to the Finance Division’s monthly ‘Economic Update and Outlook July 2024’, progress was observed across multiple domains, setting the basis
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Data-Driven Election Campaigns: Protecting Voter Privacy
Ajwa Hijazi August 27, 2024
Over the past several years, data has been utilised to facilitate election campaigns in various countries, but the multifaceted notion of Data-Driven Campaigns (DDC) has become more prevalent in recent years. With elections scheduled for more than 60 countries in 2024 (with 44 countries having already voted,
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